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Table · dataset · 2026

Dual-State Fluorescence with Efficiency Close to Unity from D‑π-A-Type Triarylborane-Based Naphthalenes

Listed in ZivaHub and Deakin Research Online — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.1021/acs.joc.6c00979.s001

Fluorophores exhibiting bright fluorescence in both dilute solution and the solid state, termed dual-state emission (DSE), are more attractive for practical applications than those that fluoresce in a single state.

Description

Herein, we disclose two DSE-active naphthalene derivatives, <b>BNPh-Nap</b> and <b>BNOPh-Nap</b>, featuring a simple D-π-A structure with an electron-accepting dimesitylboryl (BMes<sub>2</sub>) and electron-donating diphenylamino (NPh<sub>2</sub>) or <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>’-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino (N<sup>OMe</sup>Ph<sub>2</sub>) substituents at the 2,6-positions of the naphthalene core unit.

Despite the very flat structure of the naphthalene core unit, the steric hindrance of the BMes<sub>2</sub> and diarylamino groups can effectively suppress intermolecular π-π interactions in the solid state. As a result, <b>BNPh-Nap</b> exhibits strong fluorescence not only in solution (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.97 in cyclohexane) but also in the solid state, including powder (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.67) and neat film (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.51).

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From <b>BNPh-Nap</b> to <b>BNOPh-Nap</b>, although the fluorescence efficiency decreases slightly in solution (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.71 in cyclohexane), the enhanced electron-donating ability of the amino group greatly boosts the solid-state fluorescence, yielding near-unity Φ<sub>F</sub> values in both powder (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.91) and film (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.99). These results demonstrate that simple modification of a conventional planar π-core with BMes<sub>2</sub> and diarylamino groups enables high-performance DSE without complex twisted architectures, providing an effective strategy for developing DSE-active fluorophores.

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ZivaHuboai:figshare.com:article/3403122713 d agoJSON v1
Deakin Research Onlineoai:figshare.com:article/3403122713 d agoJSON v1
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