Inequities in Access to Rehabilitation Services in Ninevah

The questionnaire consisted of several key sections. Sociodemographic Characteristics: This section collected essential demographic information, including age, sex, educational attainment, household income, ethnicity, and displacement status (e.g., internally displaced persons, returnees, and host community members).

Rehabilitation Service Utilization: The primary outcome variable was assessed using a dichotomous (Yes/No) question that asked participants whether they had ever used any formal rehabilitation services during their lifetime. Perceived Barriers to Access: Perceived barriers were evaluated using a 12-item scale rated on a 5-point Likert response format ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The items were specifically developed to reflect the five dimensions of access proposed by the Penchansky and Thomas “5 A’s of Access” framework, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the various challenges encountered by individuals with disabilities when seeking rehabilitation services (Strauser et al., 2019).