Clinical Significance of Immune Cell Subsets and Cytokine Expression in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Clinical indices including serum creatinine, corrected calcium, β₂-microglobulin, hemoglobin, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, Durie-Salmon stage, cytogenetic grouping, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) time points, therapeutic response, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted from standardized electronic medical records. All raw detection values underwent log-transformation for violin plot visualization and intergroup statistical comparison; intergroup differences were analyzed via independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and log-rank survival analysis according to data distribution, with P < 0.05 set as the statistical significance threshold.The dataset contains one core Excel spreadsheet file in .xlsx format with a file size of approximately 1.2 MB, consisting of 177 independent patient data entries corresponding to the total enrolled cohort.

Each row represents one anonymized NDMM patient, and each column corresponds to a standardized variable with clear labels and unified measurement units: clinical biochemical indicators adopt clinical standard units (μmol/L for creatinine, mmol/L for serum calcium, mg/L for β₂-microglobulin, g/L for hemoglobin, ×10⁹/L for platelets); immune cell data adopt percentage proportions; cytokine concentrations are recorded as log-transformed values; categorical columns record risk stratification, cytogenetic subgroups, treatment response grades and transplant time points; survival columns record follow-up years and binary survival endpoints.

A supplementary text README file (.txt, 15 KB) is also uploaded alongside the spreadsheet, explaining variable definitions, grouping cut-off values and statistical rules in detail.Minor missing values exist in less than 3.2% of total entries, mainly incomplete cytokine testing results from patients with insufficient peripheral blood samples at admission; these missing records were excluded during intergroup comparison statistical analysis without data imputation or artificial correction.

No systematic measurement errors are present in the dataset; occasional tiny random deviations within the ±5% instrument detection error range conform to the normal fluctuation range of clinical flow cytometry routine testing and do not affect overall statistical conclusions. All deposited files can be opened with common office software including Microsoft Excel, WPS Office and LibreOffice Calc without specialized proprietary tools, and no rare or proprietary file formats are used in this data package.

The shared dataset fully supports reproduction of all violin plots, bar charts and Kaplan–Meier survival curves presented in the corresponding manuscript, and can be reused for secondary analysis of peripheral immune marker correlations in myeloma clinical cohorts under open access CC0 license terms.