Table · dataset · 2022
The California-Kepler Survey. X.
Listed in IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory)
In 2017, the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) published its first data release (DR1) of high-resolution optical spectra of 1305 planet hosts.
Description
Refined CKS planet radii revealed that small planets are bifurcated into two distinct populations, super-Earths (smaller than 1.5R{Earth}) and sub-Neptunes (between 2.0 and 4.0R{Earth}), with few planets in between (the "radius gap"). Several theoretical models of the radius gap predict variation with stellar mass, but testing these predictions is challenging with CKS DR1 due to its limited M{star} range of 0.8-1.4M{sun}.
Here we present CKS DR2 with 411 additional spectra and derived properties focusing on stars of 0.5-0.8M{sun}. We found that the radius gap follows Rp{prop}Pm with m=-0.10{+/-}0.03, consistent with predictions of X-ray and ultraviolet- and core-powered mass-loss mechanisms. We found no evidence that m varies with M{star}.
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We observed a correlation between the average sub-Neptune size and M{star}. Over 0.5-1.4M{sun}, the average sub-Neptune grows from 2.1 to 2.6R{Earth}, following R_p_{prop}M_star_^{alpha}^ with {alpha}=0.25{+/-}0.03. In contrast, there is no detectable change for super-Earths.
These M{star}-Rp trends suggest that protoplanetary disks can efficiently produce cores up to a threshold mass of Mc, which grows linearly with stellar mass according to Mc~10M{Earth}(M_star_/M{sun}). There is no significant correlation between sub-Neptune size and stellar metallicity (over -0.5 to +0.5dex), suggesting a weak relationship between planet envelope opacity and stellar metallicity. Finally, there is no significant variation in sub-Neptune size with stellar age (over 1-10Gyr), which suggests that the majority of envelope contraction concludes after ~1Gyr.
Links
Where it is published
- Reference page cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/179 ↗
landing page · from IVOA Registry
Documentation and papers
- ADS 2022AJ....163..179P ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AJ....163..179P ↗
publication · from IVOA Registry
Catalogue records · 2
- VOResource record dc.g-vo.org/oai.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=ivo_vor&identifier=ivo%3… ↗
metadata API · from IVOA Registry
- Registry record (GAVO) dc.g-vo.org/I/cds.vizier/j/aj/163/179 ↗
catalogue entry · from IVOA Registry
Topics
- Stated by source
- Optical
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
Provenance · 1 source records, 8 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory) | ivo://cds.vizier/j/aj/163/179 | 14 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:astronomy | mapping · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[modality].ivoa_waveband:optical | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| description | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | rr.resource.res_description |
| license_text | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| publication_date | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | rr.resource.res_title |
| updated_date | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 |