ShadeWalk data: shadow-model rasters, covered-linkway training tiles, transit and building layers for Singapore

(5) Base data: building footprints with height, storeys, function and gross floor area, island boundary, and the cleaned OpenStreetMap pedestrian lines.</p><p><br></p><ul><li><b>Building footprints with height, storeys and function</b>: 118,782 footprints of Singapore with building height, storeys, archetype (function class) and gross floor area; island boundary (14 polygons). Source: City Syntax Lab building dataset (OpenStreetMap footprints; heights and functions compiled by the lab).

CC BY 4.0; footprints (c) OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Used by module 1 (building DSM via module 3b), 2 (exclusion mask), 3a / 3b (arcade projection), 4a / 4b (destination weights).</li><li><b>Tree-canopy height</b>: Meta 1 m global canopy height map, clipped to Singapore (canopy height above ground). Source: Meta / WRI global canopy height maps (Tolan et al., 2024), CC BY 4.0.

Used by module 1 (CDSM, vegetation shadow).</li><li><b>Terrain</b>: ALOS PALSAR radiometrically terrain-corrected DEM (12.5 m), resampled to the 1 m city grid. Source: JAXA / METI ALOS PALSAR, distributed by ASF DAAC (free with attribution). Used by module 1 (DEM).</li><li><b>Satellite imagery, 0.3 m</b>: Google Earth imagery mosaicked to SVY21; 1,111 annotated 1024 px training tiles (808 train / 303 validation).

Source: Google (terms of use; tiles provided for research reproducibility only). Used by module 2 (covered-linkway extraction).</li><li><b>Street-level imagery, four views per point</b>: Four perspective views per panorama point every 20 m along the road network (about 148,850 points in Singapore). Source: Google Street View Static API (Google terms of use; images not redistributed).

Used by module 3a (arcade detection), 3b (projection onto building footprints).</li><li><b>Pedestrian network</b>: OpenStreetMap highway extract of Singapore (June 2026), cleaned to 404,613 pedestrian-passable segments. Source: OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Used by module 5 (network reconstruction), 4b (flow model), 2 (network filter).</li><li><b>Public transport: stops, stations and passenger volumes</b>: Bus stop locations (Aug 2025), MRT / LRT stations (Aug 2025) and station exits (Feb 2025); monthly passenger volumes by bus stop and train station and by origin-destination (hourly tap-in / tap-out).

Source: Land Transport Authority of Singapore, LTA DataMall, Singapore Open Data Licence. Used by module 4b (demand origins; 4a uses its station-ridership export).</li><li><b>Building occupancy schedules</b>: 20 EnergyPlus archetype models (SGP 2025 V5): people per floor area and hourly occupancy schedules per building type. Source: Singapore building-archetype models (SGP 2025 V5).

Used by module 4b (hourly destination weights of the gravity model; 4a uses its building-weight export).</li><li><b>Meteorological forcing</b>: Hourly UMEP-format forcing of station S50 (Clementi Road): 2026-03-01 (paper run) and the four equinox / solstice days. Source: Meteorological Service Singapore; included in this record (1_shadow_model/forcing). Used by module 1 (shadow model).</li></ul><p dir="ltr">Rasters are LZW-compressed GeoTIFFs in EPSG:3414 (the canopy-height layer keeps its own extent); vectors are shapefiles or GeoPackages in EPSG:3414 (building footprints in EPSG:4326).

README.md describes every file and MANIFEST.csv gives sizes and MD5 checksums. Derived products (hourly shadow rasters, covered-linkway polygons, arcade vectors, reconstructed network and pedestrian flows) are regenerated from these inputs with the code at github.com/Shawnzhang7829/ShadeWalk (archived on Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.22688709) and are available from the corresponding author on request.</p><p dir="ltr">Licence: CC BY 4.0 for the layers compiled by the authors; OpenStreetMap-derived layers (c) OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL); LTA layers under the Singapore Open Data Licence; the image tiles are cut from Google Earth imagery and remain subject to Google's terms of use (provided for research reproducibility only).</p>