ESCAPE approach for the sustainability evaluation of spent lithium-ion batteries recovery: dataset of 33 available technologies

Table 5 reports the detailed values of the embodied energy and the carbon footprint evaluated for all the steps of each considered process (see doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130493), divided into four categories: thermal treatments, mechanical treatments, chemicals, and water use. The data were calculated considering the processes as exactly described by the authors. Table 6 reports the detailed values of the embodied energy and the carbon footprint evaluated for all the steps of each considered process (see doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130493), divided into four categories: thermal treatments, mechanical treatments, chemicals, and water use.

The data were calculated considering the use of distilled water instead of ultrapure water or deionized water for chemicals dilution. In addition, for the products washing, only tap water was considered.