<p>Anonymized raw data.</p>

During hospitalization, 81 (20.7%) patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, while in‑hospital mortality was 3.3%. Functional dependence at discharge was common, affecting more than half of survivors. Multivariable regression showed that elevated heart rate at presentation was independently associated with ICU admission (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05, p < 0.001).

Abdominal injuries were also significant predictors of ICU admission (OR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.64–8.87, p = 0.002). Increasing age (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99, p = 0.024) and elevated heart rate (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97, p = 0.001) were independently associated with in‑hospital mortality. This study shows that while extremity injuries dominate the epidemiological profile of firearm trauma in the West Bank, thoracoabdominal and vascular injuries were associated with greater resource demands and more severe outcomes.

The findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen orthopedic and vascular surgical capacity, expand ICU and blood bank resources, and develop rehabilitation services.</p></div>