Table 2_Periodontal destruction indicators across different disease durations in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of nonlinear distribution patterns and selection bias.xlsx

Background/objectives<p>To investigate the distribution of periodontal destruction indicators across different disease duration stages in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate the nonlinear association between disease duration and periodontitis severity while addressing selection bias inherent in the cross-sectional design.</p>Methods<p>A total of 70 T2DM patients aged 60–85 years were enrolled and divided into five groups according to disease duration: ≤5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, and >20 years. 100 age-matched non-diabetic individuals served as the reference group.

Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), tooth loss due to periodontitis, and periodontitis stage, grade, and extent were recorded. Ordinal logistic regression models were established: (1) a baseline model adjusted for age and sex, and (2) a nonlinear model incorporating a quadratic term for disease duration.</p>Results<p>The prevalence of periodontitis in the diabetic group was 97.1% (68/70), significantly higher than that in the reference group (45.0%, 45/100).