<p>S1 Data.</p>

Participants in the focus group discussions linked cervical cancer to risky sexual behaviors, particularly involving multiple sexual partners or sexual intercourse with uncircumcised men, while some key informants said that some women believed that the disease was due to witchcraft. Concerns were also raised about family planning methods such as Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) and pills, which some participants believed to cause cervical cancer.

Poor hygiene practices, including the use of unclean public toilets and poor menstrual hygiene, were also seen as risk factors. Myths and misconceptions about cervical cancer screening, such as fears of removal of the cervix during screening, were prevalent. Although some women had positive experiences with screening, concerns about pain, discomfort, and limited privacy during screening were commonly reported.

While knowledge of cervical cancer exists among women in Wakiso District, significant misconceptions, fears, and systemic barriers impede screening uptake. Culturally sensitive health education and accessible, respectful screening services are critical to improving participation.</p></div>