<p>Discriminant validity (HTMT ratios).</p>

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 289 tourists to Datang Everbright City and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The study finds that cultural identity plays a significant mediating role between each dimension of Tourscape and destination loyalty, with full mediation for the physical and socio-symbolic dimensions and partial mediation for the social dimension. This study extends the application of Tourscape framework to the domain of “cultural identity”, validating its explanatory power in completely newly built themed cultural precincts, and examines the differentiated pathways through which each Tourscape dimension influences loyalty via cultural identity.

These findings offer important theoretical insights into how themed cultural precincts carry historical meaning and stimulate cultural identity. They also provide practical guidance for cultural communication and experience design, as well as strategic references for destination managers seeking to enhance tourists’ cultural identity and revisit intentions.</p></div>