<p>Characteristics of Included Studies.</p>

<div> <p>Introduction</p><p>This study aims to synthesize existing literature on co-design and co-creation methodologies that support older adults living with HIV and to identify opportunities and challenges for applying these approaches in geriatric HIV contexts.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>A protocol for this scoping review was published elsewhere; we also describe our methods below. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for scoping reviews guided our approach, including database searching, title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and analysis.

We followed PRISMA recommendations for evidence screening and selection.</p> <p>Results</p><p>Our search identified 2,734 records from databases and no articles from grey literature. Across included studies, we identified themes describing how co-design and co-creation are used with older adults living with HIV, along with persistent challenges in implementation. Co-designed digital interventions may be less accessible for older adults who have lower digital literacy or limited access to devices or internet, and participants often represent a subset of older adults who are more able to engage in workshops or interviews or who have lower health status.