Semi-Structured Interview Protocol for the Practical Validation of the BiogAI-RMF Framework

The protocol was designed to explore participants’ professional experiences and perspectives concerning risk management in wastewater treatment and biogas production, organisational readiness for artificial intelligence, data availability and quality, governance, explainability, user trust, implementation barriers, and the practical integration of the proposed framework.

The questions were informed by the study’s conceptual model, survey findings and wider literature. The semi-structured format ensured consistency across interviews while allowing relevant issues to be explored in greater depth. Interviews were conducted with professionals possessing relevant operational, technical, managerial, regulatory, safety or digital expertise.