Seasonal hydrological exchange reversals control nitrogen transport–transformation coupling in a riverine wetland hyporheic zone

The data include field observations and laboratory experimental results from the Wei-Luo-Huang Three-River Estuary Wetland in Shaanxi Province, China. Specifically, the dataset contains: (1) vertical temperature profiles and calculated hyporheic exchange fluxes across three hydrological periods (normal-flow, low-flow, and high-flow); (2) sediment physicochemical properties including pH, water content, salinity, and grain size; (3) concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen in sediment pore-water at different depths; (4) surface water and groundwater quality parameters; and (5) metagenomic sequencing data of microbial communities and nitrogen-cycling functional genes.

The column experiment data simulating surface water-groundwater alternating recharge are also included. All data are presented as raw measurements and processed values used for statistical analyses, redundancy analysis, and structural equation modeling.