Superwinds. III. Non-equilibrium Photoionization

These catastrophically cooling superwinds are not adequately described by adiabatic fluid models, but they can be reproduced by incorporating non-equilibrium radiative cooling functions into the fluid model.

In this work, we have employed the atomic and cooling module MAIHEM implemented in the framework of the FLASH hydrodynamics code to simulate the formation of radiatively cooling superwinds as well as their corresponding non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) states for various outflow parameters, gas metallicities, and ambient densities. We employ the photoionization program CLOUDY to predict radiation- and density-bounded photoionization for these radiatively cooling superwinds, and we predict UV and optical line emission.