Distribution point data of Tamarix species involved in model construction

Records with ambiguous or inaccurate geographic information were excluded, and points located in non-terrestrial areas were further removed using ArcGIS. In addition, duplicate distribution records were eliminated via ENMTools.

To mitigate the impacts of uneven sampling on model prediction accuracy, spatial filtering was performed: within each 5 km × 5 km grid cell, only one occurrence record was retained using ENMTools to ensure uniform sampling across the study area. The final dataset consisted of the filtered latitude–longitude records of Tamarix species adopted for subsequent model simulation.