Table 2_Neuropsychiatric outcomes of ketamine and midazolam coadministration following vascular surgery: a multicenter database study.docx

Patients were included if they were over 18 years of age and underwent vascular surgery procedures. Patients with outcomes of interest were excluded since preexisting psychiatric conditions are known risk factors for the development of postoperative psychiatric events. Patients were categorized into the following three cohorts: ketamine alone, ketamine and midazolam, and controls receiving neither.

Our primary outcome was any new psychiatric disorder diagnosis occurring within 30 days postoperatively.</p>Results<p>The ketamine cohort was associated with an increased odds of composite [odds ratio (OR) 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81–2.79, p < 0.0001], mood (OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.12–2.54, p = 0.0113), anxiety (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.57–3.12, p < 0.0001), and behavioral (OR 2.79, 95% CI: 2.13–3.65, p < 0.0001) 30-day psychiatric diagnoses compared to controls.

The ketamine and midazolam cohort was associated with an increased odds of composite (OR 2.00, CI: 1.82–2.20, p < 0.0001), mood (OR 1.53, CI: 1.29–1.82, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR 2.63, CI: 2.26–3.06, p < 0.0001), and behavioral (OR 1.85, CI: 1.65–2.07, p < 0.0001) 30-day psychiatric diagnoses compared to controls. The Ketamine cohort was associated with increased odds of composite (OR 1.22, CI: 1.01–1.48, p = 0.044) and behavioral (OR 1.44, CI: 1.14–1.81, p = 0.0016) 30-day psychiatric diagnoses compared with the ketamine and midazolam cohort.</p>Conclusion<p>Midazolam and ketamine coadministration was associated with decreased 30-day behavior-related psychiatric diagnoses in patients undergoing vascular surgery compared to patients receiving ketamine alone.</p>