Supplemental Data for: Diversity of non-protein amino acids across plants is driven by growth conditions and life strategies than phylogenetic relatedness.

Plants are estimated to produce hundreds of npAAs, however exact diversity, distribution and prevalence remains unknown. Using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) based untargeted metabolomics approaches, npAA profiles were analyzed for aerial tissues of 66 plant species grouped by eight phylogenetic clades, four growth conditions (aquatic, greenhouse, field, in vitro) and two life strategies (carnivorous and non-carnivorous plants).

More than 100 npAAs and small peptides were annotated in plants with glutamate metabolism-derived npAAs being most common. npAA diversity varied across species, families and clades and hierarchical clustering did not follow a pattern of phylogenetic relatedness. Greenhouse grown plants produced a lower diversity and higher abundance of npAAs. Carnivorous plants in our study had a significantly reduced diversity of npAAs compared to non-carnivorous plants.