TanChang three-wave data

A total of 640 children from a nine-year school in Gansu Province, China, participated in the study.The study was conducted in April 2024（T1）, October 2024（T2）, and April 2025（T3）, with six-month intervals between each session.Each assessment was conducted in the school computer lab, with instructions provided by trained psychology graduate students or full-time psychology teachers. Participants were selected based on criteria including no significant physical illnesses and no physiological or intellectual disabilities.

The initial assessment involved 640 students. After data cleaning, questionnaires from participants who failed to respond at subsequent time points and those with substantial data missing were excluded. Ultimately, 588 complete and valid samples from participants who completed all three surveys were retained.