Data Sheet 1_Nature-based flood assessment for vulnerable educational infrastructure under tropical urban conditions.pdf

Finally, the model's performance was evaluated using variables such as runoff, outflow volume, peak flow, flood volume, maximum depth, the multi-criteria LID performance index, bootstrap confidence intervals and an exploratory robustness analysis. The findings of this study highlight the participation of 28 stakeholders in the workshop, including parents and teachers, which enabled the identification of flood-prone areas and the location of LID scenarios.

This research demonstrated that individual LID scenarios reduced certain hydrological indicators but, in some cases, increased the flood volume or maximum depth. The combined LID scenario provided the most balanced response, reducing average runoff by 37.90%, flood volume by 50.90%, maximum water depth by 46.44%, and outflow volume by 17.37% compared with the baseline. Of particular note is the integration of hydrological modeling and the effectiveness of LIDs in reducing runoff and redistributing peak flows.

The SUDS/LID alternative most widely accepted by the school community and demonstrating the best hydrological performance was the sustainable urban drainage system, which should be strategically located near the main runoff-generating surfaces or upstream of recurrent flooding areas. This study provides a flood risk management tool that can be adapted to other VEI environments in urban-coastal regions where hydrological data is scarce.</p>