Supplementary file 1_Alterations in corticospinal excitability in individuals with ankle sprains: a systematic review of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies.docx

A systematic search was performed on PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Studies were included according to the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Setting inclusion criteria.</p>Results<p>The electronic search yielded 233 studies, of which eleven studies were included after careful screening.

Eight of the nine studies consistently reported reduced corticospinal excitability of several lower limb muscles in chronic ankle instability (CAI). Two studies identified an elevated motor evoked potential in cases of acute lateral ankle sprain.</p>Conclusions<p>CAI exhibits lower corticospinal excitability and high cortical inhibitory activity. Individuals with acute ankle sprain exhibit increased corticospinal excitability, which be presented cautiously as a preliminary finding requiring further confirmation.