Development and validation of a time-lag correction for Vaisala radiosonde humidity measurements

Laboratory measurements of the sensor time constant as a function of temperature are used to develop a correction for a time-lag error that results from slow sensor response at low temperatures. The time-lag correction is a numerical inversion algorithm that calculates the ambient ("true") humidity profile from the measured humidity and temperature profiles, based on the sensor time constant.

Existing corrections for two sources of dry bias error in RS80 humidity measurements are also included in the correction procedure: inaccuracy in the sensor calibration at low temperatures, and chemical contamination of sensors manufactured before June 2000 by nonwater molecules from the radiosonde packaging material. The correction procedure was evaluated by comparing corrected RS80-H measurements with simultaneous measurements from the reference-quality NOAA/Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory balloon-borne cryogenic hygrometer.