Engineering-Driven Statistical Adjustment and Calibration

This leads to discrepancies in the model predictions. A commonly used statistical approach to overcome this problem is to build a statistical model for the discrepancies between the engineering model and observed data.

In contrast, an engineering approach would be to find the causes of discrepancy and fix the engineering model using first principles. However, the engineering approach is time consuming, whereas the statistical approach is fast. The drawback of the statistical approach is that it treats the engineering model as a black box and therefore, the statistically adjusted models lack physical interpretability.