<b>Female North American passerine birds have lower apparent survival than males</b>

Here, we leveraged 563,414 bird banding records to estimate sex-specific survival in 92 North American bird species across 17 families and 2 orders. We found significantly lower apparent survival in females in 35 species.

Adult apparent survival was, on average, 12.4% lower for females (0.479 ± SE 0.009) than males (0.538 ± 0.008). This means that female adult birds live an average of 1.36 years and males 1.61 years. We additionally found preliminary evidence that higher movement costs in females and social dominance in males may contribute to male-biased survival.</p>