Bi-functional particles for integrated thermo-chemical processes: Catalysis and beyond

This review focuses on bi-functional catalytic particles which also serve as sorbents/adsorbents or heat suppliers in the scheme of various thermo-chemical processes, enabling inherent separation or energy conservation within single-step operation.

Bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and separation including sorption-enhanced hydrogen production and integrated capture and catalytic conversion processes are reviewed in detail, providing insights into material design and key performance indicators. On the other hand, bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and non-thermal radiation heating, including electrothermal and photothermal assisted heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, are also reviewed, with emphasis on the material property and energy efficiency improvement.