Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Plus Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Versus Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Plus Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration for Concomitant Gallbladder and Common Bile Duct Stones: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study

Patients were classified into the ERCP+LC and LC+LCBDE groups according to the surgical approach. Covariates were balanced using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).

Perioperative outcomes, changes in liver function (Δ values), clinical efficacy, complications, and common bile duct stone recurrence were compared between the groups. Cumulative recurrence was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Independent risk factors for recurrence were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression, followed by subgroup and interaction analyses.