Rotational frequencies of TiO isotopologues

This study is the first complete spectroscopic characterization of these species in their X^3^{Delta}_r_ ground electronic states. The isotopologues were created by the reaction of N_2_O or O_2_ and titanium vapor, produced either by laser ablation or in a Broida-type oven, and observed in the natural Ti isotopic abundances.

Between 10 and 11 rotational transitions J+1<->J were measured for each species, typically in all 3 spin-orbit ladders {Omega}=1, 2, and 3. For ^47^TiO and ^49^TiO, hyperfine structure was resolved, originating from the titanium-47 and titanium-49 nuclear spins of I=5/2 and 7/2, respectively. For the {Omega}=1 and 3 components, the hyperfine structure was found to follow a classic Lande pattern, while that for {Omega}=2 appeared to be perturbed, likely a result of mixing with the nearby isoconfigurational a^1^{Delta} state.