Late-type galaxies in Chandra deep fields

Our late-type galaxy sample consists of 2568 galaxies, which were identified using rest-frame optical colors and HST morphologies. We utilized X-ray stacking analyses to investigate the X-ray emission from these galaxies, emphasizing the contributions from normal galaxies that are not dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

Over this redshift range, we find significant increases (factors of ~5-10) in the X-ray-to-optical mean luminosity ratio (L_X_/L_B_) and the X-ray-to-stellar mass mean ratio (L_X_/M_*_) for galaxy populations selected by L_B_ and M_*_, respectively. When analyzing galaxy samples selected via SFR, we find that the mean X-ray-to-SFR ratio (L_X_/SFR) is consistent with being constant over the entire redshift range for galaxies with SFR=1-100M_{sun}_/yr, thus demonstrating that X-ray emission can be used as a robust indicator of star formation activity out to z~1.4.