Supplementary file 2_The influence of climate change on temporal shifts in food systems and diets in Kiribati: a scoping review.docx

This shift has been shaped by interconnected social, economic, and climate-related drivers, including the progression from traditional food sources to retail markets, food aid, colonialism, global trade, open-market policies, and climate-extreme events.</p>Objectives<p>This scoping review aimed to examine the extent to which colonial history, climate change, and socioeconomic drivers have shaped the transformation of Kiribati’s food system and diets, and to identify what this reveals about opportunities to strengthen food system sustainability and resilience.</p>Eligibility criteria<p>Studies published in English between 1980 and 2025 addressing food systems, dietary change, traditional foods, colonial impacts, food trade, climate change, and food security in Kiribati were eligible for inclusion.</p>Sources of evidence<p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases using the PRISMA-ScR methodology.

Publicly available datasets on food production and food imports were also drawn upon to complement the literature findings.</p>Charting methods<p>Eighty-five relevant studies were identified and charted. Publicly available data on both food production and food imports were extracted and charted to identify key themes relating to traditional foods, colonial impacts, post-importation dietary changes, climate change, and food security, allowing emerging and ongoing trends to be mapped across the study period.</p>Results<p>Eighty-one plus four studies included through reviewer recommendation were identified.