Oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle-derived exosomes selectively coated miRNAs and participate in regulating myoblast proliferation and differentiation mediated by miR-4331-3p

Furthermore, sequencing analysis confirmed that miRNAs present in SKM-Exos are selectively coated miRNAs. It is noteworthy that the expression of miR-4331-3p was notably higher in SKM-Exos compared to its derived skeletal muscles. It was significantly elevated in the SKM-Exos of HC-L when compared to those of HC-P, and have interactions with the differentially expressed genes between HC-L and HC-P. Interestingly enough, miR-4331-3p has been shown to enhance myoblast proliferation while inhibiting the differentiation process.

By investigating the interaction between SKM-Exos, their derived miRNAs, and myoblasts, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of muscle fiber differentiation by SKM-Exos and provided valuable insights into the intricate molecular processes involved in meat formation.