Olive Oil-Based Lipid Emulsion Ameliorates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis via Inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of olive oil-based lipid emulsions (OOLE) in mitigating immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myocarditis triggered by ipilimumab (IPI) and nivolumab (NIVO).Methods: An in vitro model of inflammatory cardiomyocytes was established by co-culturing HL-1 cells with CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells isolated from ICI-treated mice.

Cells were treated with 10% OOLE, followed by flow cytometry for apoptosis, ELISA for cytokine profiling (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and Western blot/qPCR for pathway analysis (NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β). In vivo, myocarditis was induced in mice via IPI/NIVO administration. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and inflammatory markers were evaluated in serum and myocardial tissue.