Data Sheet 1_An integrated ECAM–Entropy–TOPSIS framework for evaluating energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in drinking water supply systems.pdf

The stability of the ranking was further assessed through criterion-weight sensitivity analysis and controlled one-at-a-time perturbations of the input criterion values. The ECAM assessment tool estimated a total annual electricity consumption of 10.35 GWh and total GHG emissions of 4.71 × 10⁶ kg CO₂eq. Water distribution was identified as the most energy- and carbon-intensive stage, accounting for 51.2% of the total electricity consumption and GHG emissions, with the highest specific energy consumption (0.308 kWh m^-3) and specific GHG emissions (0.140 kg CO₂-eq m^-3).

In contrast, the treatment stage presented the lowest environmental impact and achieved the highest TOPSIS approximation coefficient (P_i = 1.000), whereas the distribution stage ranked last (P_i = 0.000). The baseline ranks the operational stages according to their performance based on the selected energy- and GHG-related criteria using TOPSIS. The proposed ECAM–EWM–TOPSIS framework therefore provides a structured and reproducible approach for comparing the energy- and GHG-related performance of the operational stages of drinking water supply systems and for identifying stages that warrant further technical assessment.</p>