From Immunosenescence to Immune Resetting: Research Advances in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Clinical Translation Strategies

Research over the past five years has revealed more complex mechanisms: T cell immunosenescence, non-classical functions of the complement lectin pathway, the crosstalk between autophagy and PANoptosis, and the concept of "molecular refractoriness" — all of which are reshaping the understanding of SLE.

Therapeutic strategies are shifting from "broad-spectrum immunosuppression" toward "immune homeostasis reconstruction" and "immune system resetting", including low-dose IL-2, JAK inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy. Centered on the theme "from immunosenescence to immune resetting", this article integrates cutting-edge advances, proposes a patient stratification framework based on molecular pathway mapping, and aims to promote individualized precision therapy.