Table 1_Bridging sepsis physiology and biosensor engineering: a clinical perspective on electrochemical cytokine sensor design.docx

Cytokines have gained increasing attention as dynamic biomarkers that can complement conventional markers and bedside clinical assessment, enabling more refined diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of treatment response. Most current work on cytokine biosensing is organized around a technological ambition: continuous, minimally invasive, wearable measurement.

In this Perspective, we invert that starting point and derive sensor specifications from the pathophysiology and workflow of the septic patient in intensive care. Doing so yields a different set of priorities. Because septic concentrations of the principal mediators span three to four orders of magnitude, a wide linear range matters more than the lowest attainable limit of detection.