Impacts of storm electric fields and traveling atmospheric disturbances over the Americas during 23–24 April 2023 geomagnetic storm: Experimental analysis

The data show a poleward shift of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests to 18 degrees N and 20 degrees S in the evening of 23 April (attributed to eastward PPEF) and the EIA crests remaining almost in the same latitudes after the PPEF reversed westward.

The thermospheric neutral wind velocity, foF2, hmF2, and TEC variations show that TADs from the northern and southern high latitudes propagating equatorward and crossing the equator after midnight on 23 April. The meridional keograms of Delta TEC show the TAD structures in the north/south propagated with phase velocity 470/485 m/s, wave length 4,095/4,016 km and period 2.42/2.30 hr, respectively. The interactions of the TADs also appear to modify the wind velocities in low latitudes.