Source-data inventory and supplementary tables for event-scale runoff, sediment, and post-event soil moisture analyses in Xindiangou, Loess Plateau (1988–2023)

These data were used to evaluate runoff occurrence, runoff coefficient, empirical S0/S1/S2 release-state classification, sediment concentration, event sediment yield, post-event θ30, and paired AL–TPF release–moisture indicators. The file “Research Data.xlsx” lists the original public data sources and repository links used to assemble the research dataset. The file “Supplementary Material.xlsx” contains supplementary tables supporting the manuscript, including data-flow accounting, runoff-initiation models, runoff-probability thresholds, release-state sensitivity analyses, sediment-output contrasts, post-event θ30 contrasts, AL–TPF paired indicators, common-period robustness analysis, API sensitivity analysis, high-release diagnostic modelling, and event-fixed-effect results. θ30 denotes post-event soil moisture at 30 cm depth and should not be interpreted as whole-profile soil water storage, deep recharge, infiltration amount, or groundwater response.

Paired runoff–moisture indicators describe co-occurring event-response states and do not imply direct conversion of reduced runoff into shallow soil water storage. Users should also cite the original data sources listed in the source inventory where appropriate.