Phytoremediation Vetiver Wetland Data

Similarly, total dissolved solids decreased to approximately 159–167 mg/L after treatment, suggesting that the system effectively reduced dissolved pollutants through a combination of adsorption, plant uptake, and microbial processes occurring within the rhizosphere zone. The reduction of dissolved and suspended materials demonstrates the ability of vetiver roots to enhance filtration and improve water clarity. Nutrient concentrations also showed improvement after treatment.

Nitrate concentrations were reduced to approximately 5.8–5.9 mg/L, while nitrite levels remained relatively low (approximately 0.43–0.46 mg/L), indicating stable nitrogen transformation processes within the wetland system. These reductions are likely associated with microbial nitrification and denitrification processes occurring in the plant root zone. Furthermore, fecal coliform levels decreased substantially compared to the initial greywater conditions, suggesting that the constructed wetland environment contributes to microbial reduction through sedimentation, natural die-off, and biological competition.

Overall, the results demonstrate that the vetiver-based constructed wetland functions as an effective ecological treatment system, combining physical filtration, plant-mediated processes, and microbial degradation to improve greywater quality.