Supplementary file 2_Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with improved survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring favorable-risk genetic features at initial diagnosis: a single-center retrospective study.pdf

Stratified analyses showed that allo-HSCT was associated with improved 3-year OS compared with chemotherapy alone in CR1-AML and R/R AML patients. In CR1-AML, the 3-year OS was 92.8% versus 73.6% (P = 0.0099), whereas in R/R AML, it was 73.5% versus 26.6% (P = 0.00015). By age, outcomes were comparable among patients aged <20 years, whereas allo-HSCT was associated with better survival in those aged 20–60 years.

Among 66 transplanted patients with measurable residual disease (MRD) data, 3-year OS did not differ significantly between MRD-positive and MRD-negative groups (86.0% vs. 85.6%, P = 0.35).</p>Conclusions<p>Allo-HSCT was associated with improved survival and reduced relapse in FR-AML. This benefit extended beyond patients transplanted in CR1 to those who later develop R/R disease, in whom salvage allo-HSCT confers a marked survival advantage over chemotherapy.

Deferred transplantation may remain feasible for selected patients when a suitable donor is available. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize post-remission treatment strategies in this population.</p>