<p>Comparison of previous work and present study.</p>

The research methodology involved a series of tests and experimental procedures, such as (i) Melt Flow Index (MFI = 0.109 g/10 min, ASTM D1238, 230°C/5 kg); (ii) uniaxial tensile testing (yield strength: 23.0–23.7 MPa, tensile modulus: 2.36–2.48 GPa, fracture strain: 42–68%, ASTM D638, n = 3); (iii) burst pressure testing (mean burst: 2.70 ± 0.10 MPa at Δp = 11 bar/s, minimum requirement: 0.70 MPa, ISO 8033); (iv) air leakage testing (no leakage at 500–700 kPa hold for 60 s); (v) thermal chamber cycling (−40°C to 120°C, 95% RH, 24 h; dimensional change < 0.02 mm); (vi) tilt alarm test (alarm activation at ≤ 0.53° tilt); and (vii) volume capacity verification (within OEM specification) during manufacturing of the brake fluid reservoir.

These results confirm the long-term suitability of SABIC 83MF10-polypropylene for safety-critical reservoir applications in modern automotive braking systems. The novel aspects of this study are the demonstration of the mechanical behaviour of polypropylene and the valuable insights provided into the brake fluid reservoir manufacturing process and performance, offering significant implications for automation in the automotive sector.</p></div>