Table 1_Association pathways between AI training recommendation dependence and athletes’ psychological characteristics related to autonomous judgment.docx

A reduced sense of self-regulation was positively associated with training decision hesitation, which was further positively associated with reduced training self-efficacy. Bootstrap analyses identified a significant serial indirect association between AI training recommendation dependence and reduced training self-efficacy through body signal outsourcing tendency, reduced sense of self-regulation, and training decision hesitation.

Multigroup analyses further indicated that the positive association between AI training recommendation dependence and body signal outsourcing tendency was stronger among athletes in physical-dominant sports than among those in skill-dominant sports.</p>Discussion<p>The findings reveal a continuous pattern of statistical associations linking AI training recommendation dependence with body signal outsourcing tendency, reduced sense of self-regulation, training decision hesitation, and reduced training self-efficacy.

These findings highlight the importance of maintaining athletes’ bodily awareness and capacity for autonomous decision-making when integrating AI-generated recommendations into competitive sports training.</p>