Electron resonant interaction with whistler waves around foreshock transients and the bow shock behind the terminator

The traditional adiabatic mechanisms for such energization compete with transient wave-particle interactions there. One of the most intense wave modes resonating with electrons is the high-frequency whistler mode, which is widely observed at (and around) the Earth's bow shock.

Here, we examine these interactions in the context of the strong magnetic field gradients often found near the bow shock and at foreshock transients. Using THEMIS and ARTEMIS wave measurements, we quantify the nonlinear effects of resonant interactions between >= 100 eV electrons and intense coherent whistler waves. Such nonlinear interactions include the electron phase trapping by waves.