Plume detection and emission estimate for biomass burning plumes from TROPOMI carbon monoxide observations using APE v1.1

Three different plume heights were considered, and the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data were used to compute emissions. A varying plume height in the downwind direction based on three-dimensional Lagrangian simulation was considered appropriate. APE is verified for observations over Australia and Siberia.

For all fire sources identified by VIIRS, only 16 % of the data corresponded to clear-sky TROPOMI CO data with plume signature. Furthermore, the quality filters of APE resulted in emission estimations for 26 % of the TROPOMI CO data with plume signatures. Visual filtering of the APE's output showed a true-positive confidence level of 97.7 %.

Finally, we provide an estimate of the emission uncertainties. The greatest contribution of error comes from the uncertainty in Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) injection height that leads to emission errors < 100 % , followed by systematic errors in the ERA5 wind data. The assumption of constant emission during plume formation and spatial under-sampling of CO column concentration by TROPOMI yields an error of < 20 % .

The randomized errors from the ensemble ERA5 wind data are found to be less than 20 % for 97 % of the cases.