Data · dataset · 2026
A global gridded Thermal Deviation Index (TDI) dataset, 1940–2024
Listed in ScienceDB
Global Thermal Deviation Index (TDI) Dataset, 1940–2024The Thermal Deviation Index (TDI) is a dimensionless metric that quantifies how far ambient temperature deviates from optimal conditions for human economic activity, energy expenditure, asset integrity, and biological resource formation.
Description
Constructed from a four-parameter exponential function anchored to body temperature (36.5 °C), the freezing point of water (0 °C), and the thermal comfort optimum (22.5 °C), TDI transforms ambient temperature into a continuous, cumulative index of thermal deviation.
Unlike raw temperature, TDI can be accumulated over arbitrary time intervals, enabling the systematic tracking of weather-driven impacts on economic and ecological systems.This dataset provides the first publicly available global TDI product at full ERA5 native resolution. It comprises 1,038,240 grid cells at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, spanning 85 years from 1940 to 2024, derived from ERA5 hourly 2-m air temperature reanalysis data.
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Nine CSV files are provided under a CC BY 4.0 license:- Three gridded annual files: annual mean temperature, annual mean TDI, and annual cumulative TDI for all 1,038,240 grid cells (land and ocean), each with 85 annual columns.- Four daily statistics files: global, land-surface, United States, and China daily TDI aggregates (mean, max, min, standard deviation, confidence intervals, and percentiles; 31,047 days each).- One case-study file: 8,784 hourly temperature and TDI values for Namegata (Japan) and Fulton (United States) during 2024, demonstrating that locations with identical annual mean temperatures can exhibit substantially different TDI values.- One country name mapping table: UTF-8 to ASCII conversion for 167 country and territory names.All files are validated for internal consistency: zero missing values across all numeric fields, identical country-name assignments across gridded products, and boundary conditions verified to numerical precision.
The dataset supports climate impact assessment, ecological monitoring, climate model evaluation, and climate–economy research requiring spatially resolved, long-term thermal comfort metrics.Data citation: Cai, Y. (2026). Global Thermal Deviation Index (TDI) Dataset 1940–2024. figshare. doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33012002
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.43573 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from scidb cn
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record scidb.cn/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=10.57760%2… ↗
metadata API · from scidb cn
Topics
- From keywords
- Earth & Environmental Science · Engineering · Humanities · Life Sciences · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Climate model simulation 65% · Tabular 65%
Provenance · 1 source records, 12 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| ScienceDB | 10.57760/sciencedb.43573 | 5 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[method].local:method:climate-model | enrichment · scidb cn | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (65%) |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:tabular | enrichment · scidb cn | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (65%) |
| description | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
| publication_date | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |