Table · dataset · 2023
X-ray superflares from PMS stars in MYStIX & SFiNCs
Listed in IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory)
Solar-type stars exhibit their highest levels of magnetic activity during their early convective pre-main-sequence (PMS) phase of evolution.
Description
The most powerful PMS flares, superflares and megaflares, have peak X-ray luminosities of log(L_X_)=30.5-34.0erg/s and total energies log(E_X_)=34-38erg. Among >24000 X-ray-selected young (t<~5Myr) members of 40 nearby star-forming regions from our earlier Chandra MYStIX and SFiNCs surveys, we identify and analyze a well-defined sample of 1086 X-ray superflares and megaflares, the largest sample ever studied.
Most are considerably more powerful than optical/X-ray superflares detected on main-sequence stars. This study presents energy estimates of these X-ray flares and the properties of their host stars. These events are produced by young stars of all masses over evolutionary stages ranging from protostars to diskless stars, with the occurrence rate positively correlated with stellar mass.
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Flare properties are indistinguishable for disk- bearing and diskless stars indicating star-disk magnetic fields are not involved. A slope of {alpha}~2 in the flare energy distributions dN/dE_X_{propto}E_X_^-{alpha}^ is consistent with that of optical/X-ray flaring from older stars and the Sun. Megaflares (log(E_X_)>36.2erg) from solar-mass stars have an occurrence rate of 1.7_-0.6_^+1.0^ flares/star/year and contribute at least 10%-20% to the total PMS X-ray energetics.
These explosive events may have important astrophysical effects on protoplanetary disk photoevaporation, ionization of disk gas, production of spallogenic radionuclides in disk solids, and hydrodynamic escape of young planetary atmospheres. Our following paper details plasma and magnetic loop modeling of the >50 brightest X-ray megaflares.
Links
Where it is published
- Reference page cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/916/32 ↗
landing page · from IVOA Registry
Documentation and papers
- ADS 2021ApJ...916...32G ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...916...32G ↗
publication · from IVOA Registry
Catalogue records · 2
- VOResource record dc.g-vo.org/oai.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=ivo_vor&identifier=ivo%3… ↗
metadata API · from IVOA Registry
- Registry record (GAVO) dc.g-vo.org/I/cds.vizier/j/apj/916/32 ↗
catalogue entry · from IVOA Registry
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
Provenance · 1 source records, 9 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory) | ivo://cds.vizier/j/apj/916/32 | 12 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:astronomy | mapping · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[modality].ivoa_waveband:infrared | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[modality].ivoa_waveband:x-ray | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| description | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | rr.resource.res_description |
| license_text | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| publication_date | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 | rr.resource.res_title |
| updated_date | source · IVOA Registry | connector:ivoa_registry@1.0.0 |