Dendritic computation for abstract rule-based flexible decision-making

While dendritic computation is theorized to integrate distinct information streams, evidence linking it to flexible cognitive processing has been lacking. Using a rule-switching flexible categorization task, behavioral modeling, and subcellular-resolution two-photon imaging and optogenetics in mice, we found that within single layer 5 extratelencephalic neurons in the auditory cortex, apical dendrites preferentially encoded the inferred abstract rule, somata preferentially represented sensory stimuli, and choice signals were present in both compartments.

Optogenetic dendritic inhibition impaired rule-dependent somatic choice coding, supporting a task-relevant integration across the dendritic and somatic compartments. These results identify a dendritic computation that implements a cognitive operation for flexible behavior within single cortical neurons.