A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe

Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), commonly known as the melonworm, is a major pest of cucurbits in the Neotropics. Yet, a comprehensive review of the parasitoid wasps that may act as biocontrol agents of this pest is still lacking. An extensive literature review was conducted to compile the current knowledge on the identity, distribution, and biology of parasitoid wasps associated with D. hyalinata across its range.

Eggs, larvae, and pupae of D. hyalinata were collected in Guadeloupe and reared to document the local parasitoid diversity. Among the 37 parasitoids identified in our review, eight were recovered during our field survey, all of which are new records for the island. These parasitoids were photographed and DNA-barcoded to facilitate their potential use in future biological control programs targeting D. hyalinata.

The species Trichogramma pretiosa Riley, 1879 (Trichogrammatidae; egg parasitoid) and Schoenlandella montserratensis Kang, 2021 (Braconidae; larval parasitoid) appear to be promising candidates for the biological control of D. hyalinata in Guadeloupe. It may be also worth evaluating the effectiveness of two additional larval parasitoids, Eiphosoma dentator Fabricius, 1804 (Ichneumonidae) and Apanteles impiger Muesebeck, 1958 (Braconidae), while assessing possible non-target effects on local fauna.

However, it is important to consider that the presence of the hyperparasitoid Aphanogmus fijiensis Ferrière, 1933 (Ceraphronidae) could undermine biocontrol efforts. Overall, it would be valuable to gain a better understanding of the biological and environmental factors (such as agricultural practices and landscape features) that enhance the natural regulatory activities of this parasitoid community.