Table 1_Clinical factors associated with peri-implantitis and the culture-based microbiological profile of peri-implantitis cases: a retrospective matched case-control study.docx

Clinical associations were evaluated using a post hoc exploratory multivariable logistic regression model.</p>Results<p>Among the 128 peri-implantitis cases, bacterial growth was recovered from 112 episodes (87.5%), whereas 16 episodes (12.5%) were culture-negative. No single organism predominated; the four most frequently recovered taxa each occurred in 19.6%-28.6% of culture-positive episodes. These frequencies are descriptive of cases only.

In the matched clinical comparison, history of periodontitis was associated with peri-implantitis (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.25-2.99). The larger estimate for immune-related disorders was imprecise (adjusted OR 5.84, 95% CI 1.67-20.47). Anodized implant surface, longer surgery duration, pre-index occlusal overload, higher pre-index plaque index, and fewer maintenance visits were also retained in the exploratory model.</p>Conclusions<p>Culture results describe viable organisms recovered from peri-implantitis cases under the study conditions and do not permit comparison with healthy implants.

History of periodontitis was associated with peri-implantitis (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.25-2.99); other model estimates remain exploratory because the covariates were selected post hoc, some exposures were sparse, and the analysis was not validated.</p>