Data · dataset · 2026
Performance Optimization and Characterization of an Electron Time-of-Flight Spectrometer at the SXFEL Facility
Listed in ScienceDB
The electron Time-of-Flight (eTOF) technique serves as an indispensable diagnostic tool for characterizing X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses and attosecond electron dynamics.
Description
Nevertheless, systematic optimization of electron trajectories and electrode voltages is required to simultaneously maximize transmission efficiency and energy resolution. In this work, we performed electron trajectory simulations and optimized electrode voltages using SIMION.
The optimized spectrometer reached an electron transmission efficiency exceeding 95% (upgraded from an average value of 70%) at millimeter-scale spot sizes, with a simulated improvement in energy resolution of approximately 0.01–0.02 eV. A photoelectron spectrometer (PES) equipped with four eTOF units has been installed at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser (SXFEL) facility for preliminary tests and calibration.
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We used 577 eV photons to excite argon gas and measured the electron time-of-flight spectra. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) was triggered by timing-synchronized signals with X-ray pulses to record induced photoelectron signals, with electron time-of-flight derived from timing synchronization calibration and further converted to energy domain via a multi-parameter empirical fitting procedure to reconstruct photoelectron spectra.
Experimental calibration yielded a system energy resolution of approximately 0.36 eV. This work promotes high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and confirms the stable operation of the instrument under the extreme conditions of a free-electron laser (FEL).
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Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00186.000yp ↗
DOI / persistent id · from scidb cn
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record scidb.cn/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=10.57760%2… ↗
metadata API · from scidb cn
Topics
- From keywords
- Earth & Environmental Science · Energy · Engineering · Humanities · Life Sciences · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Electronics, sensors and digital hardware 68%
Provenance · 1 source records, 12 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| ScienceDB | 10.57760/sciencedb.j00186.000yp | 9 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4009 | enrichment · scidb cn | taxonomy-embedding@1.0.0 | title+keywords+description (68%) |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:energy | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| description | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license_text | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| publication_date | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · scidb cn | connector:scidb_cn@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |