A dataset of Akkermansia Muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviates Gestational Diabetes Mellitus via ClpB-Mediated α-MSH Mimicry and Hepatic Insulin Signalling Activation

All data files fully support the findings reported in the corresponding manuscript and are publicly deposited in the Science Data Bank (ScienceDB) for open access, reproducibility, and secondary research utilization.The dataset covers comprehensive multi-level experimental results, including: (1) physicochemical characterization data of native and XOS-preconditioned Akkermansia muciniphila extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), involving nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) particle size and concentration statistics, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphological images, and whole-protein staining profiles; (2) in vivo experimental data from a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced GDM mouse model, including body weight, food and water intake, random and fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) curves and area under the curve (AUC) values, serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index; (3) histological and immunohistochemical data, including H&E staining of intestinal and pancreatic tissues, intestinal pathological injury scores, MUC2 tight junction staining, and insulin/glucagon immunofluorescence staining results; (4) in vivo fluorescence imaging data of AmEVs/XOS-AmEVs tissue distribution in pregnant GDM mice; (5) molecular experimental data of TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory cascade and IRS-1/Akt insulin signaling pathway in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues; (6) in vitro functional verification data of core effector protein ClpB, including sequence alignment results of ClpB and α-MSH, hepatocyte glucose consumption detection, cell cytotoxicity assay, and western blot verification of insulin signaling protein phosphorylation.All data were strictly acquired and processed following standardized experimental and bioinformatic pipelines without artificial modification.

This dataset systematically reveals that XOS preconditioning remodels the proteomic cargo of AmEVs without altering vesicle physicochemical properties, in vivo tissue tropism or therapeutic efficacy against GDM. The deposited data also validate the core regulatory function of AmEVs-encapsulated ClpB via α-MSH molecular mimicry in improving hepatic insulin resistance, and support the novel Akkermansia–AmEV–ClpB regulatory axis for gestational diabetes intervention.These publicly available data provide reliable and reproducible experimental evidence for exploring the interactions between dietary prebiotics, gut probiotic extracellular vesicles and gestational metabolic homeostasis, and offer valuable raw resources for subsequent in-depth functional verification of microbial vesicle cargo proteins and translational research on GDM postbiotic therapy.