Table 1_Comparative effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategies for insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.docx

We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment strategies for insomnia.</p>Methods<p>Nine databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed) were searched through January 2026 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were ISI and PSQI scores; secondary outcomes included clinical efficacy and adverse events (AEs).

Data were synthesized using frequentist network meta-analysis.</p>Results<p>Twelve RCTs involving 1,260 participants were included, evaluating five strategy nodes: TCM alone, TCM plus Western medicine (WM), WM alone, placebo, and CBT-I. For ISI, TCM plus WM ranked highest (SUCRA 89.7%) and significantly improved scores versus placebo (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.42–5.68) and WM (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.08–3.56). For PSQI, TCM plus WM showed the highest probability of improvement (SUCRA 71.9%) with greater reduction versus placebo (MD −2.31, 95% CI −3.65 to −0.97).