Supplementary file 1_MitoQ in sepsis-associated acute lung injury: redox pharmacology, mechanistic evidence, and translational perspectives.docx

MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted redox modulator with experimental evidence of mitochondrial and pulmonary protection, making it a candidate strategy for limiting oxidative injury in SALI. This critical narrative review evaluates the redox pharmacology of MitoQ, direct pulmonary and sepsis-related evidence, mechanistic links between mitochondrial damage and innate immune signalling, and the major requirements for clinical translation.

Available studies show that MitoQ reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, preserves membrane potential and ATP production, and attenuates epithelial, endothelial, and alveolar–capillary barrier injury. Mechanistic studies further support links among mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal mitochondrial DNA exposure, cGAS–STING signalling, NLRP3–GSDMD activation, pyroptosis, and pulmonary barrier failure.